Human skin can be classified into six types, as shown in the table below: individuals with fairer skin (Type I) are more prone to sunburn but less likely to tan, whereas those with darker skin (Type VI) are less prone to sunburn but tan very easily. This serves as a reminder that individuals with darker skin tones need to be more vigilant about the risk of tanning.

Strict adherence to sun protection can prevent not only sunburn but also tanning; furthermore, it prevents photoaging and reduces the incidence of certain skin cancers. We dermatologists emphasize that sun protection should follow the ABC principle: Avoidance whenever possible, Block (physical protection), and Cream (chemical protection/sunscreen).

Chemical sunscreen refers to the use of sunscreen products; whether they are purely physical, chemical, or hybrid formulations, they are all effective options. Using any sunscreen is better than none at all, and products with a high SPF are certainly superior to those with a low SPF. Reapplication should be performed as frequently as possible. However, some individuals may experience allergic reactions after application, making it crucial to select a sunscreen that is compatible with one's skin type. Those with sensitive skin must be particularly diligent in their selection. It is important to emphasize that when using sunscreen sprays, one must cover the mouth and nose to prevent accidental inhalation into the lungs, which can trigger severe allergic reactions.

Once sunburn occurs, if it is very painful or blistering, you should consult a dermatologist. Medical intervention through medication can promote rapid healing of the sunburn. If long-term sun exposure leads to tanning, the recovery process is relatively long because the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of this pigment require a considerable amount of time. You can use skincare products containing ingredients that improve melanin, such as those containing azelaic acid, niacinamide, or arbutin. For the face, you may consider medical aesthetic laser treatments, such as Intense Pulsed Light (IPL).

Summer is almost over; have you gotten a tan?