As one of the classic sexually transmitted diseases, condyloma acuminatum is certainly contagious. It is mostly caused by HPV type 11 or 6 infection. The surface of the warts contains a large amount of HPV virus, which can be transmitted through direct or indirect sexual contact. The infection is mainly concentrated in the areas of contact, such as the private parts of both males and females, and even the perianal area and anal canal. Occasionally, due to specific behavioral habits, it may appear in areas like the mouth.

The primary transmission route for condyloma acuminatum is direct sexual contact, which is the mainstream pathway. As for indirect contact, such as staying in hotels, sharing towels, using communal toilets, or visiting public bathhouses, the probability of contracting condyloma acuminatum is extremely low, even though it is theoretically possible. Sometimes, when both partners come to the clinic for a condyloma acuminatum examination, we might deliberately emphasize the probability of transmission through indirect contact a bit more, mainly to avoid conflicts and disputes in the consultation room.

Once diagnosed with genital warts, we also recommend concurrently testing for other sexually transmitted diseases, such as having blood drawn to check for syphilis and HIV. After all, these are also sexually transmitted diseases, so getting tested provides peace of mind. It's even better if results are negative; if positive, active treatment is advised. This is especially important for individuals with perianal genital warts or those who engage in same-sex sexual activity—testing should be done whenever possible. In China, same-sex sexual transmission plays a very significant role in the spread of HIV. This step not only protects the patient but also safeguards the doctor. Furthermore, in patients with HIV, due to reduced immunity, genital warts may grow more extensively, rapidly, and aggressively, potentially prolonging the treatment cycle.

When someone is diagnosed with genital warts, we typically advise that their sexual partners from the past three months also get tested, primarily due to the contagious nature of genital warts. While some individuals can follow through with this recommendation, others may not, and some may genuinely struggle with how to discuss it with their partner. However, regardless of the situation, considering the contagiousness of genital warts, it is essential to find a way to persuade the partner to undergo testing. If the partner tests positive, they should receive treatment; if negative, they should be monitored through follow-up observations. The last thing anyone wants is for one partner to be cured, only for the other to develop an outbreak of genital warts unknowingly, leading to mutual reinfection and further complications.

The HPV virus that causes genital warts resides only on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes and does not enter the bloodstream, so there is no need for excessive concern. Moreover, genital warts can definitely be cured, and the HPV virus responsible for them can be completely eradicated. Have confidence in this.

Stay strong!