October 29 is World Stroke Day. This year's theme is "Identify early, seek medical attention immediately".

Stroke, commonly known as "stroke", is an acute cerebrovascular disease, divided into ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The rapid onset and rapid progression of stroke can lead to limb paralysis, language impairment, etc., which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In the face of stroke, everyone is not helpless. Mastering two key methods - "early identification" and "immediate medical attention" - can win life for yourself or your family and strive for a better prognosis.

Pay attention to stroke warning signs

After a stroke, about 1.9 million brain cells die every minute, and timely identification and treatment can minimize brain damage. Acute management of ischemic stroke includes intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy. The "golden time window" for intravenous thrombolysis is within 4.5 hours after the onset of the disease, and some patients can receive endovascular treatment (thrombectomy), which is slightly longer than intravenous thrombolysis, but the sooner the better. It is recommended to use the "BE FAST" mantra to quickly identify a stroke and take immediate action to provide first aid for stroke.

The Chinese literal translation of the "BE FAST" mantra is "to be fast", emphasizing the urgency of stroke identification and first aid. By mastering this mantra, the public can detect stroke symptoms as soon as possible and act quickly to save brains and lives.

The first 5 letters of "BE FAST" each represent an early symptom, and the last letter is a reminder to call 120 emergency immediately and seek medical attention immediately once you find stroke symptoms.

"B" – Balance, refers to balance, loss of balance or coordination, sudden difficulty walking.

"E" - Eyes, refers to the eye, sudden vision changes, difficulty in seeing.

"F" - Face, refers to the face, sudden facial asymmetry and crooked corners of the mouth.

"A" – Arms, refers to the arm, a sudden feeling of weakness or numbness in the arm, usually on one side of the body.

"S" - Speech, refers to language, speech difficulties, and difficulty in understanding.

"T" - Time, refers to time, the above symptoms may mean a stroke, do not wait for the symptoms to disappear on their own, call the 120 emergency number immediately to get medical assistance.

This is how to deal with a stroke

Whether it is an ischemic stroke or a hemorrhagic stroke, time is life, time is the brain, the earlier it is detected, the sooner it is treated, the better the effect. After the onset of the disease, call the 120 emergency number immediately and follow professional advice to go to the nearest hospital with stroke first aid capabilities.

During the waiting period for the ambulance, first, it is necessary to keep the patient in the most comfortable state, avoid dragging the patient, and avoid the expansion of the hematoma of the hemorrhagic stroke patient; second, do not give the patient anything to prevent the patient from vomiting and causing aspiration, causing aspiration pneumonia or acute respiratory obstruction; The third is to confirm the onset time and development of the patient's condition, so that the doctor can accurately assess the condition and treat it in time after arriving at the hospital.

Stroke prevention points to remember

Although stroke is scary, it is preventable and controllable, and each of us is the first person responsible for our own life and health, and adhering to a healthy lifestyle can greatly reduce the risk of stroke. Moderate exercise, reasonable diet, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, emotional stability, and regular screening for stroke risk factors can achieve early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment.

Pay attention to self-screening of high-risk factors

People over 50 years old should have regular physical examinations every year to screen for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation and carotid plaque; If the screening finds abnormal indicators, go to a specialist in time and follow the doctor's instructions to control risk factors.

Develop a good lifestyle

eat a light diet, eat low in salt and oil; Keep food varied; pay attention to climate change and take timely protection measures; keep your emotions steady; Prevent overwork; Quit smoking, limit alcohol, avoid sitting for a long time, etc.

Science Movement

Adhere to moderate physical exercise and integrate physical exercise into daily life. Adults are recommended to get ≥ 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or ≥ 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week. Note that the intensity of activity should vary from person to person, choose the time and method of exercise that suits you.

Get enough sleep

Sleep is a fundamental element of human physiological needs. Several epidemiological studies have confirmed that poor sleep is a risk factor for all-cause mortality. A number of studies have suggested that too short or too long sleep duration is associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases.

Weight control

Obesity is a problem that should not be underestimated. Obesity increases the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. It is recommended that you keep your body mass index (BMI) below 28 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Keep your blood pressure stable

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. It is recommended to maintain blood pressure in a healthy range (<140/90 mmHg) to reduce pressure on the heart, arteries, and kidneys, thereby delaying the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Patients with high blood pressure should take antihypertensive drugs as prescribed by the doctor, monitor their blood pressure daily and record it.

Control blood lipids

Healthy adults can control their blood lipid levels through diet and exercise, such as reducing egg yolk intake and avoiding animal offal. Patients with hyperlipidemia should take lipid-lowering drugs as prescribed by a doctor to control the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol.

Control your blood sugar

Poor blood sugar control will accelerate the process of vascular atherosclerosis and lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is recommended to control fasting blood sugar < 7 mmmo/L, postprandial blood sugar < 10 mmmo/L, and glycated glycemic protein < 7%.